The practice of water-quality engineering in natural systems as described in this books reflects the reality that the fate and transport of anthropogenic contaminants introduced into natural waters must be understood and manipulated to minimize the impact of contaminant discharges into these waters. By controlling the quality, quality, timing, and distribution of contaminant discharges into the environment, the effects of human activities on natural waters can be controlled. The design of effective remediation measures in contaminated waters is based on these same principles, with additional technological considerations relating to the efficacy of various cleanup systems. The essential background for all these practices is provided.Water-quality engineering is a specialty area in environmental engineering that includes the subspecialties of water treatment, waste water treatment, and water-quality control in natural systems. This textbook is intended to encompass the latter sub specialty, and the content of this book constitutes baseline knowledge expected of water-quality engineers and managers. The need for competent water-quality engineers and managers is apparent when one realizes that in the United States over 50% of natural surface-water bodies do not meet their designated water uses and statutory water-quality goals. In addition, many shallow aquifers are contaminated by anthropogenic contaminants such as nitrates and organic chemicals, primarily pesticides and solvents.
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